So first, some background.

I taught at a new-to-me school this year, and it currently has a lot of one-trimester-long classes, including for the 9th and 10th grade sciences (they rotate through biology, chemistry, and physics, though not in a particular order). These little “tastes” of physics make it more challenging to develop a class culture and get to the meatier work of learning physics. They also make it more challenging for students to figure out how to be strategic and make best use of the grading system in the class.

Trimester classes also mean that students only go through one round of getting actual grades (no quarter or semester grades to help them see how it works)—raising the stakes even higher. I tried out a couple of different approaches in the middle trimester. (I should note that a lot of my trial ideas during the winter were inspired by or adapted from ideas shared at a STEMteachersNYC weekend workshop that was a panel of teachers sharing their standards-based grading implementations and practices. Thanks, local physics friends!) The tack I took with my 10th graders seemed to work best, so in the third trimester, I went to something more like this in my 11th grade trimester-long physics class, too. (I also have been teaching a yearlong 9th grade math class, and they are 0/1/2, most recent counts, portfolio-enhanced all the way. They have been able to more easily take on the full SBG approach because they have had the entire year with me (for better or for worse!).)

5, 6, 8, 10

The two goals I had in creating this SBG flavor were:

1. Keep as much as possible of the pieces that made SBG so successful for me in the past. Here, that meant allowing for many retakes of objectives, writing objectives that made it clear to students what they needed to do to earn a high score on them, testing each objective multiple times, demanding high quality and consistent work to earn a full mastery score.
2. Make sure students can get their brains wrapped around what’s happening with grading as quickly as possible so they can make use of the system and get more benefits from it. Here, that meant using the best score instead of the most recent score (more on that later), having “partial credit” type scores, and using scores that were “out of 10” so that students immediately connected a score with how it might translate in the end.

Here is some text from my “Quick Guide to Physics Grading” page on our class website (seen by students and parents) about what I ended up using.

Objectives: These are the skills that you are going to master during this course. There is a list of them on the Objectives topic page. When you take an assessment, instead of a grade for that test, you will get scores (5, 6, 8, or 10—see below) for each relevant objective. You can always take a new version of any assessment to improve and replace your scores for the objectives. Only your final scores will count. Your final understanding is what matters, not how quickly you get there.

Free Quizzes: I will do my best to give you many free (ungraded) quizzes so that you can get some feedback and practice before tests. There will be take-home quizzes. You should treat them as an assessment (no other resources, etc). I will write you feedback on them, but I will not grade them.

Tests: We will take at least one test during the course of each major unit. (For example: the first major unit is charges (aka electrostatics), and we will have at least two tests during that unit.) You will get a score (5 through 10) for each objective that is covered on a test. Tests will happen in class, and you can have as much time to take them as you need. (If you need more than one full class period, we will work something out so that you can finish.)

Replacement tests: One of my mail goals is that every student in this class learns as much as possible. Sometimes you learn things after a test. That makes sense, since (a) the length of a class period, a unit, etc is pretty arbitrary, (b) different people learn at different speeds, (c) you sometimes have other things besides physics happening in your life that might take your attention away (hard to believe as that is!), (d) tests themselves sometimes help you learn, (e) etc. When you learn some physics and can demonstrate that, you deserve all of the credit in the world. To that end, you can always take a new version of any assessment for full replacement credit. To request a replacement test, you will be able to fill out a form and answer a couple of simple questions (asking, for example, when you want to take it and what you have done to prepare for it—pretty straightforward!). Important note: I will give you new questions that let you show the same skills but that look totally different from the original questions. The goal is for you to show that you’ve learned (not that you’ve memorized the first test). It is sometimes a good idea to meet with me before taking a new test to make sure that you are ready for it. I’m always available for help and coaching. Send me an email or drop by before or after school. 🙂

What does my score mean?
10: Good understanding. All (or all of the relevant) sub-skills are shown. The errors (if any) are merely cosmetic.

8: Developing understanding. Several of the sub-skills are shown. There are some errors or omissions in the work.

6: Beginning understanding. Some of the sub-skills are shown. Significant conceptual errors may be present.

5: No attempt made or work shows no understanding of this skill.

I will use your best score for each objective.
Since we will have more than one test this trimester, you might get a score for an objective more than once. When I calculate your grade for the trimester, I will only use each objective once, even if that objective was on multiple tests. For that purpose, I will use your high score for each objective. If you get a lower score on a later test, though, be sure to do some review and practice on that skill—later objectives depend on the earlier ones, so it is not wise to forget everything once you’ve tested it.

How do I know how I’m doing?
I’m so glad you’ve asked that! You can log in to ActiveGrade and see your progress on every objective we’ve tested in this class. [More specific information for them on how to access ActiveGrade follows here, along with helpful screenshots.]

Why isn’t there a 7 or a 9?

First, I wanted to keep the total variety of scores small. 5, 6, 8, 10 is just one additional category from my 0, 1, 2 default. In my head, it translates to 5: I can’t give any credit for this; 6: This needs a lot of work, but it should not be no-credit; 8: I can’t justify full credit for this yet, but it’s getting close; and 10: I feel confident that I can give this student full credit for this skill.

Second, if a student had straight 8s (or largely 8s), that would be around a B- grade, something that is considered a “danger” zone grade at my school. (For example, if we expect a student might end up with a B- for the trimester, we are supposed to write them an interim report.) So the not-yet-perfect score is not one that students would typically want to settle for all the time. If I started giving 9s, it would allow students to feel comfortable leaving their skills there. When they get some 8s, they want to keep working. So even if they are very, very close, I want to see them do it one more time and really get the concept. Same for moving 6s to 8s (or to 10s!)—the score gives some credit, but motivates students to keep working.

At the same time, the highest grade I can give is an A (we don’t do A+ grades), so students max out at a 93. That makes a few 8s okay, but almost makes 9s even more of a complacency-inducing score.

The low score of 5 is because I only see the need for one “bin” of failure. If you can’t do anything and get all 5s, you still fail. No one cares if you got a “high F”. But if you need to declare bankruptcy on an objective here or there (for whatever reason—maybe you were absent a lot and can’t catch up on everything; maybe you are really struggling in your history class and need to focus your efforts there; etc, etc), it shouldn’t drag you down so far that you can’t recover from it.

In Class Assessments and In Class Retakes

For each major unit (I basically had about 3 units in my 10th grade class), we had at least 2 (usually 3) in-class tests. These were generally full-period (50 minutes) or majority-of-period tests. They covered multiple objectives, and they covered each objective multiple times. Remember, I’m using the best score, so I need to feel confident about, for example, giving a 10 to a student on an objective. That means I want to test it multiple times before giving that 10, and that means “tests” rather than the short weekly “quizzes” I would really prefer.

The first test was usually partway through the unit and was an early set of data for me on how we were doing. The second test was usually at or near the end of a unit. The third test was usually once we had moved on to a new unit. Many of the same objectives were on every test for that unit. That is, a skill was usually tested in class at least twice, giving students multiple opportunities to secure a good score without needing to come in for a retake, making both my life and their lives easier. It also lowered the pressure on that early-in-the-unit test—they knew (and I would reassure them as I handed it out) that they would get another chance at these, so they should just relax and do their best for now so they know what needs more work.

Here’s a typical front page of a test in my 10th grade class. This test was the first of the trimester, and it was a typical result for a first test in a unit. (This student was a really excellent thinker and worker, and she ended up with an A for the trimester despite the early challenges of learning physics. Woo!) The front page told students what objectives I would score on that test, but it did not tell them which questions would contribute to which objective score. As per usual, a single question would likely hit more than one objective at the same time.

For someone wanting to adopt this SBG flavor for a year-long class, I might recommend one additional change to balance out using the best score over the most recent score. You might make a rule that the highest score available for an objective is an 8 the first time it is tested. That would mean that to secure a 10, the student would have to do well on the second test of the same objective, but it would allow them to already secure a decent score if they are ready for it early in the unit. In the 10 week class, there just wasn’t the time for students to cycle through each objective multiple times, so using the most recent score was too challenging for the timeline. It was very rare for a student to go down in score by more than one category from one test to another, so I felt okay about the way I was testing them and about using the best score.

I might also recommend this type of approach for someone trying out SBG for the first time (or in a new school) because any pushback I’ve gotten for SBG is really only about using the most recent score. The realization that students have over how the most recent score (annoying as it can be at times) is actually not such a big problem for them takes time, and asking students to immediately trust you in that way when you are new (or trying something for the first time) is the toughest part.

Out of Class Retakes

Of course, I also had out-of-class retakes available for students. I set up a form for them to apply for a new test. They could request up to 4 total objectives at one time (from any unit). I had them choose from a list of times we were both likely to be available, and I had them answer one question (which they generally answered really well!).

Specifically, I’d like you to notice the following two to three improvements in my work: Be thoughtful and reflective. Do not say something like, “getting a better score.” Say something like, “before, I drew the positive charges moving, but now I understand that only the electrons can move.”

Because there were multiple chances in class, and because they got to keep their highest score, the number of these out-of-class retakes was actually really low. But for the students who took advantage of it, it usually made a big difference, and they really appreciated the opportunity.

Final Assessments

I already wrote at length about how I handled the final assessment for my 10th graders, so here I will just say that I used the final assessments in each class as an additional part of the grade, not to change their scores on objectives. So students knew they had to secure whatever scores they wanted before we got to Reading Day and the final assessment week.

Student Feedback

Almost uniformly, students really liked and appreciated this grading system. One of the (many) amazing parts of my school is the reflection and honesty of students when you ask them for feedback. I’ve found them to be insightful and able to capture what they have found challenging and what they have found helpful. One of my 9th grade math students pointed out in the middle of the year that the way we were doing portfolio work in our class didn’t seem to align with the same values that we held in our in-class work. Wow! Full stop. Could you ask for a more powerful critique? Can you believe it came from a 9th grader in the first half of the year? That comment helped spark a change in our geometry portfolio work to be about writing reflective journals on their process for in-class problems of their choosing—a really successful move this final trimester. (Blog post on that to come, I’m sure.)

So with that in mind, here are a few of the many wonderful comments from 10th graders on the 5, 6, 8, 10 grading system. (Spelling and grammar their own—but many were filling out the survey on their phones, so please grant them some understanding for that.)

And a few more:

I like the grading system because I think it gives students a better chance to get good grades. It can be confusing at times though. For example, it can be unclear sometimes what parts of the test/quiz are being graded for.

I personally like it. I think it gives you many opportunities to improve and work on your grade even if you are not naturally great with physics.

I like the compartmentalization, it is graded by section so you know what you need to work on and what you are doing well on. The numbering of 5,6,8,10 is a little weird, but once it was explained it made sense.

The ability to retake quizzes is helpful because it is solely based on how much you know about the topic in general, and not just in the moment of the quiz.

Next Year

Next year, I will be teaching only trimester-long classes (my loan to the math department has expired, so I will be back to teaching all physics and science electives). The current plan is to stick with this 5, 6, 8, 10 system since it has made the most sense to me in the short classes. I will be writing new objectives, though, since I will have several new preps (and even this same course for 10th graders will have a different set of topics).